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Chapter 7 - The Limits of Decolonisation and the Problem of Legitimacy
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- By Paul Patton
- Edited by David Boucher, Cardiff University, Ayesha Omar, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg and School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
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- Book:
- Decolonisation
- Published by:
- Wits University Press
- Published online:
- 01 March 2024
- Print publication:
- 01 October 2023, pp 165-188
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Summary
Indigenous peoples have long challenged the claims of European states and their settler colonial successors to exercise sovereignty over their territories. Ever since the 1960 United Nations (UN) ‘Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples’, General Assembly Resolution 1514 (XV) (United Nations 1960) limited the right of self-determination to subjugated territories that were ‘geographically separate’ – a requirement often misleadingly referred to as the ‘blue water’ or ‘salt water’ thesis, suggesting the need for there to be ocean between the colonial power and the territory in question – their path towards decolonisation has been different from that of the territories decolonised during the 1950s and 1960s. Up until the adoption in 2007 of the UN ‘Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples’, General Assembly Resolution 61/295 (UNDRIP, United Nations 2007), it has largely been pursued through the domestic courts and legislatures of the settler colonial countries. These countries developed a range of constitutional and legal settlements that determined the status of the Indigenous peoples, from domestic dependant sovereignty to treaties and the recognition of common law rights to land and other resources. A variety of arguments have been put forward in support of special status and specific rights for such colonised Indigenous peoples, in the ongoing effort to ‘decolonise’ their relationship to the liberal democratic states that have inherited these constitutional and legal settlements. One such argument raises questions about the legitimacy of government by such states (Ivison 2017; Moore 2010; Patton 2009, 2019).
There are two distinct approaches to the question of legitimacy in contemporary political philosophy. One approach builds on the tradition from John Locke to Immanuel Kant and John Rawls in supposing that government is legitimate when it produces the kinds of moral goods expected of government, such as justice. In these terms, it may be argued that citizens who benefit from the protections of a just social order tacitly consent to the government that provides those protections. Rawls argues that the exercise of (coercive) political power is legitimate when it produces justice, or at least a political regime that is not too unjust.
Epidemiology and genomics of a slow outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphyloccus aureus (MRSA) in a neonatal intensive care unit: Successful chronic decolonization of MRSA-positive healthcare personnel
- Kathleen A. Quan, Mohamad R. A. Sater, Cherry Uy, Robin Clifton-Koeppel, Linda L. Dickey, William Wilson, Pat Patton, Wayne Chang, Pamela Samuelson, Georgia K. Lagoudas, Teri Allen, Lenny Merchant, Rick Gannotta, Cassiana E. Bittencourt, J. C. Soto, Kaye D. Evans, Paul C. Blainey, John Murray, Dawn Shelton, Helen S. Lee, Matthew Zahn, Julia Wolfe, Keith Madey, Jennifer Yim, Shruti K. Gohil, Yonatan H. Grad, Susan S. Huang
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- Journal:
- Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology / Volume 44 / Issue 4 / April 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 16 June 2022, pp. 589-596
- Print publication:
- April 2023
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Objective:
To describe the genomic analysis and epidemiologic response related to a slow and prolonged methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) outbreak.
Design:Prospective observational study.
Setting:Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).
Methods:We conducted an epidemiologic investigation of a NICU MRSA outbreak involving serial baby and staff screening to identify opportunities for decolonization. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on MRSA isolates.
Results:A NICU with excellent hand hygiene compliance and longstanding minimal healthcare-associated infections experienced an MRSA outbreak involving 15 babies and 6 healthcare personnel (HCP). In total, 12 cases occurred slowly over a 1-year period (mean, 30.7 days apart) followed by 3 additional cases 7 months later. Multiple progressive infection prevention interventions were implemented, including contact precautions and cohorting of MRSA-positive babies, hand hygiene observers, enhanced environmental cleaning, screening of babies and staff, and decolonization of carriers. Only decolonization of HCP found to be persistent carriers of MRSA was successful in stopping transmission and ending the outbreak. Genomic analyses identified bidirectional transmission between babies and HCP during the outbreak.
Conclusions:In comparison to fast outbreaks, outbreaks that are “slow and sustained” may be more common to units with strong existing infection prevention practices such that a series of breaches have to align to result in a case. We identified a slow outbreak that persisted among staff and babies and was only stopped by identifying and decolonizing persistent MRSA carriage among staff. A repeated decolonization regimen was successful in allowing previously persistent carriers to safely continue work duties.
Impact of early intervention on the population prevalence of common mental disorders: 20-year prospective study
- Paul Moran, Margarita Moreno-Betancur, Carolyn Coffey, Elizabeth A. Spry, George C. Patton
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- Journal:
- The British Journal of Psychiatry / Volume 221 / Issue 3 / September 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 07 February 2022, pp. 558-566
- Print publication:
- September 2022
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Background
The potential for early interventions to reduce the later prevalence of common mental disorders (CMD) first experienced in adolescence is unclear.
AimsTo examine the course of CMD and evaluate the extent to which the prevalence of CMD could be reduced by preventing adolescent CMD, or by intervening to change four young adult processes, between the ages of 20 and 29 years, that could be mediating the link between adolescent and adult disorder.
MethodThis was a prospective cohort study of 1923 Australian participants assessed repeatedly from adolescence (wave 1, mean age 14 years) to adulthood (wave 10, mean age 35 years). Causal mediation analysis was undertaken to evaluate the extent to which the prevalence of CMD at age 35 years in those with adolescent CMD could be reduced by either preventing adolescent CMD, or by intervening on four young adult mediating processes: the occurrence of young adult CMD, frequent cannabis use, parenting a child by age 24 years, and engagement in higher education and employment.
ResultsAt age 35, 19.2% of participants reported CMD; a quarter of these participants experienced CMD during both adolescence and young adulthood. In total, 49% of those with CMD during both adolescence and young adulthood went on to report CMD at age 35 years. Preventing adolescent CMD reduced the population prevalence at age 35 years by 3.9%. Intervening on all four young adult processes among those with adolescent CMD, reduced this prevalence by 1.6%.
ConclusionsIn this Australian cohort, a large proportion of adolescent CMD resolved by adulthood, and by age 35 years, the largest proportion of CMD emerged among individuals without prior CMD. Time-limited, early intervention in those with earlier adolescent disorder is unlikely to substantially reduce the prevalence of CMD in midlife.
12 - Rorty: Reading Continental Philosophy
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- By Paul Patton
- Edited by David Rondel, University of Nevada, Reno
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- Book:
- The Cambridge Companion to Rorty
- Published online:
- 13 April 2021
- Print publication:
- 01 April 2021, pp 261-283
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Summary
This chapter focuses on Rorty’s engagements with Heidegger, Derrida, and Foucault. It argues that, however much he enjoyed these encounters, Rorty’s philosophical views were largely unaffected by them. He tended to endorse what could be assimilated to his own Deweyan pragmatism and reject the rest. In this way, Rorty endorses Heidegger’s diagnosis of the history of European philosophy, while disavowing his criticism of modernity and his nostalgia for an authentic language of Being. He denounces Foucault’s supposed commitment to anarchism and revolution as incompatible with his preferred Deweyan social democratic politics. Only his writings on Derrida provide evidence of deepening understanding of and sympathy with a philosophical project irreducible to his own. Overall, Rorty refuses to accept any philosophical invention on the part of these thinkers. Derrida’s deconstructive argument in favor of an elusive quasi-metaphysics of difference, and Foucault’s genealogies of present institutions and ways of thinking are either ignored or denounced as residues of the tradition they seek to escape. Rorty characterizes each of them as essentially private thinkers, “ascetic priests” who aspire to stand apart from the herd and to be in touch with a reality more profound than the life they share with others.
Pre-conception self-harm, maternal mental health and mother–infant bonding problems: a 20-year prospective cohort study
- Rohan Borschmann, Emma Molyneaux, Elizabeth Spry, Paul Moran, Louise M. Howard, Jacqui A. Macdonald, Stephanie J. Brown, Margarita Moreno-Betancur, Craig A. Olsson, George C. Patton
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- Journal:
- Psychological Medicine / Volume 49 / Issue 16 / December 2019
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 18 December 2018, pp. 2727-2735
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Background
Self-harm in young people is associated with later problems in social and emotional development. However, it is unknown whether self-harm in young women continues to be a marker of vulnerability on becoming a parent. This study prospectively describes the associations between pre-conception self-harm, maternal depressive symptoms and mother–infant bonding problems.
MethodsThe Victorian Intergenerational Health Cohort Study (VIHCS) is a follow-up to the Victorian Adolescent Health Cohort Study (VAHCS) in Australia. Socio-demographic and health variables were assessed at 10 time-points (waves) from ages 14 to 35, including self-reported self-harm at waves 3–9. VIHCS enrolment began in 2006 (when participants were aged 28–29 years), by contacting VAHCS women every 6 months to identify pregnancies over a 7-year period. Perinatal depressive symptoms were assessed with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale during the third trimester, and 2 and 12 months postpartum. Mother–infant bonding problems were assessed with the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire at 2 and 12 months postpartum.
ResultsFive hundred sixty-four pregnancies from 384 women were included. One in 10 women (9.7%) reported pre-conception self-harm. Women who reported self-harming in young adulthood (ages 20–29) reported higher levels of perinatal depressive symptoms and mother–infant bonding problems at all perinatal time points [perinatal depressive symptoms adjusted β = 5.40, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.42–7.39; mother–infant bonding problems adjusted β = 7.51, 95% CI 3.09–11.92]. There was no evidence that self-harm in adolescence (ages 15–17) was associated with either perinatal outcome.
ConclusionsSelf-harm during young adulthood may be an indicator of future vulnerability to perinatal mental health and mother–infant bonding problems.
2092 A multicenter study of fecal microbiota transplantation for Clostridium difficile infection in children
- Maribeth R. Nicholson, Erin Alexander, Mark Bartlett, Penny Becker, Zev Davidovics, Elizabeth E. Knackstedt, Michael Docktor, Michael Dole, Grace Felix, Jonathan Gisser, Suchitra Hourigan, Kyle Jensen, Jess Kaplan, Judith Kelsen, Melissa Kennedy, Sahil Khanna, McKenzie Leier, Jeffery Lewis, Ashley Lodarek, Sonia Michail, Paul Mitchell, Maria Oliva‐Hemker, Tiffany Patton, Karen Queliza, Namita Singh, Aliza Solomon, David Suskind, Steven Werlin, Richard Kellermayer, Stacy Kahn
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- Journal:
- Journal of Clinical and Translational Science / Volume 2 / Issue S1 / June 2018
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 November 2018, p. 64
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OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is the most common cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and an increasingly common infection in children in both hospital and community settings. Between 20% and 30% of pediatric patients will have a recurrence of symptoms in the days to weeks following an initial infection. Multiple recurrences have been successfully treated with fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), though the body of evidence in pediatric patients is limited primarily to case reports and case series. The goal of our study was to better understand practices, success, and safety of FMT in children as well as identify risk factors associated with a failed FMT in our pediatric patients. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: This multicenter retrospective analysis included 373 patients who underwent FMT for CDI between January 1, 2006 and January 1, 2017 from 18 pediatric centers. Demographics, baseline characteristics, FMT practices, C. difficile outcomes, and post-FMT complications were collected through chart abstraction. Successful FMT was defined as no recurrence of CDI within 60 days after FMT. Of the 373 patients in the cohort, 342 had known outcome data at two months post-FMT and were included in the primary analysis evaluating risk factors for recurrence post-FMT. An additional six patients who underwent FMT for refractory CDI were excluded from the primary analysis. Unadjusted analysis was performed using Wilcoxon rank-sum test, Pearson χ2 test, or Fisher exact test where appropriate. Stepwise logistic regression was utilized to determine independent predictors of success. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The median age of included patients was 10 years (IQR; 3.0, 15.0) and 50% of patients were female. The majority of the cohort was White (89.0%). Comorbidities included 120 patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and 14 patients who had undergone a solid organ or stem cell transplantation. Of the 336 patients with known outcomes at two months, 272 (81%) had a successful outcome. In the 64 (19%) patients that did have a recurrence, 35 underwent repeat FMT which was successful in 20 of the 35 (57%). The overall success rate of FMT in preventing further episodes of CDI in the cohort with known outcome data was 87%. Unadjusted predictors of a primary FMT response are summarized. Based on stepwise logistic regression modeling, the use of fresh stool, FMT delivery via colonoscopy, the lack of a feeding tube, and a lower number of CDI episodes before undergoing FMT were independently associated with a successful outcome. There were 20 adverse events in the cohort assessed to be related to FMT, 6 of which were felt to be severe. There were no deaths assessed to be related to FMT in the cohort. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: The overall success of FMT in pediatric patients with recurrent or severe CDI is 81% after a single FMT. Children without a feeding tube, who receive an early FMT, FMT with fresh stool, or FMT via colonoscopy are less likely to have a recurrence of CDI in the 2 months following FMT. This is the first large study of FMT for CDI in a pediatric cohort. These findings, if confirmed by additional prospective studies, will support alterations in the practice of FMT in children.
11 - Philosophy and Control
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- By Paul Patton
- Edited by Frida Beckman, Stockholms Universitet
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- Book:
- Control Culture
- Published by:
- Edinburgh University Press
- Published online:
- 05 May 2021
- Print publication:
- 17 September 2018, pp 193-210
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Summary
Deleuze's ‘Postscript on Control Societies’ is one of his most influential essays. As noted in the Introduction to this volume, it was published in French in L’autre journal, before it appeared alongside the ‘Control and Becoming’ interview with Antonio Negri in Deleuze's Pourparlers (see Introduction, p. 1). It first appeared in English in October in 1992 before the translation of Negotiations in 1995 (Deleuze 1995a: 169–76). Both English versions have been widely cited. The influence of this short essay is further amplified by references to it in highly cited works such as those by Nikolas Rose, Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri (Rose 1999: 233–5; Hardt and Negri 2000: 22–3).
Deleuze's ‘Postscript’ is also one of his more enigmatic essays, giving rise to a variety of interpretations of what exactly is meant by control, along with multiple and sometimes conflicting accounts of its relationship to Foucault's concepts of disciplinary, biopolitical and modern liberal and neoliberal society. I begin with a brief discussion of the relationship to Foucault and the specific content of Deleuze's concept of control, before turning to the real focus of this chapter, namely the application of this concept to philosophy. I explore the institutional mechanisms of power in philosophy and how these have evolved in the context of control societies. Finally, I discuss the relevance of Deleuze and Guattari's experimental practice of philosophy and its associated rhizomatic image of thought to the discipline and practice of philosophy in control societies.
DELEUZE's CONCEPT OF CONTROL
Deleuze argues in ‘Postcript’ that in the latter half of the twentieth century disciplinary society was being replaced by control society. He takes the term ‘control’ from William Burroughs, but the connection to Foucault is more important, locating control society in the lineage of sovereign and then disciplinary societies outlined in Discipline and Punish. This connection allows readers to assume that Deleuze is simply extending the analysis of technologies of power initiated by Foucault, even though they offer varying accounts of the relationship between Foucault's work and Deleuze's concept of control.However, Deleuze takes the alignment with Foucault further by attributing to him his own diagnosis of the present as the period in which control societies are replacing disciplinary societies.
Contributors
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- By Mitchell Aboulafia, Frederick Adams, Marilyn McCord Adams, Robert M. Adams, Laird Addis, James W. Allard, David Allison, William P. Alston, Karl Ameriks, C. Anthony Anderson, David Leech Anderson, Lanier Anderson, Roger Ariew, David Armstrong, Denis G. Arnold, E. J. Ashworth, Margaret Atherton, Robin Attfield, Bruce Aune, Edward Wilson Averill, Jody Azzouni, Kent Bach, Andrew Bailey, Lynne Rudder Baker, Thomas R. Baldwin, Jon Barwise, George Bealer, William Bechtel, Lawrence C. Becker, Mark A. Bedau, Ernst Behler, José A. Benardete, Ermanno Bencivenga, Jan Berg, Michael Bergmann, Robert L. Bernasconi, Sven Bernecker, Bernard Berofsky, Rod Bertolet, Charles J. Beyer, Christian Beyer, Joseph Bien, Joseph Bien, Peg Birmingham, Ivan Boh, James Bohman, Daniel Bonevac, Laurence BonJour, William J. Bouwsma, Raymond D. Bradley, Myles Brand, Richard B. Brandt, Michael E. Bratman, Stephen E. Braude, Daniel Breazeale, Angela Breitenbach, Jason Bridges, David O. Brink, Gordon G. Brittan, Justin Broackes, Dan W. Brock, Aaron Bronfman, Jeffrey E. Brower, Bartosz Brozek, Anthony Brueckner, Jeffrey Bub, Lara Buchak, Otavio Bueno, Ann E. Bumpus, Robert W. Burch, John Burgess, Arthur W. Burks, Panayot Butchvarov, Robert E. Butts, Marina Bykova, Patrick Byrne, David Carr, Noël Carroll, Edward S. Casey, Victor Caston, Victor Caston, Albert Casullo, Robert L. Causey, Alan K. L. Chan, Ruth Chang, Deen K. Chatterjee, Andrew Chignell, Roderick M. Chisholm, Kelly J. Clark, E. J. Coffman, Robin Collins, Brian P. Copenhaver, John Corcoran, John Cottingham, Roger Crisp, Frederick J. Crosson, Antonio S. Cua, Phillip D. Cummins, Martin Curd, Adam Cureton, Andrew Cutrofello, Stephen Darwall, Paul Sheldon Davies, Wayne A. Davis, Timothy Joseph Day, Claudio de Almeida, Mario De Caro, Mario De Caro, John Deigh, C. F. Delaney, Daniel C. Dennett, Michael R. DePaul, Michael Detlefsen, Daniel Trent Devereux, Philip E. Devine, John M. Dillon, Martin C. Dillon, Robert DiSalle, Mary Domski, Alan Donagan, Paul Draper, Fred Dretske, Mircea Dumitru, Wilhelm Dupré, Gerald Dworkin, John Earman, Ellery Eells, Catherine Z. Elgin, Berent Enç, Ronald P. Endicott, Edward Erwin, John Etchemendy, C. Stephen Evans, Susan L. Feagin, Solomon Feferman, Richard Feldman, Arthur Fine, Maurice A. Finocchiaro, William FitzPatrick, Richard E. Flathman, Gvozden Flego, Richard Foley, Graeme Forbes, Rainer Forst, Malcolm R. Forster, Daniel Fouke, Patrick Francken, Samuel Freeman, Elizabeth Fricker, Miranda Fricker, Michael Friedman, Michael Fuerstein, Richard A. Fumerton, Alan Gabbey, Pieranna Garavaso, Daniel Garber, Jorge L. A. Garcia, Robert K. Garcia, Don Garrett, Philip Gasper, Gerald Gaus, Berys Gaut, Bernard Gert, Roger F. Gibson, Cody Gilmore, Carl Ginet, Alan H. Goldman, Alvin I. Goldman, Alfonso Gömez-Lobo, Lenn E. Goodman, Robert M. Gordon, Stefan Gosepath, Jorge J. E. Gracia, Daniel W. Graham, George A. Graham, Peter J. Graham, Richard E. Grandy, I. Grattan-Guinness, John Greco, Philip T. Grier, Nicholas Griffin, Nicholas Griffin, David A. Griffiths, Paul J. Griffiths, Stephen R. Grimm, Charles L. Griswold, Charles B. Guignon, Pete A. Y. Gunter, Dimitri Gutas, Gary Gutting, Paul Guyer, Kwame Gyekye, Oscar A. Haac, Raul Hakli, Raul Hakli, Michael Hallett, Edward C. Halper, Jean Hampton, R. James Hankinson, K. R. Hanley, Russell Hardin, Robert M. Harnish, William Harper, David Harrah, Kevin Hart, Ali Hasan, William Hasker, John Haugeland, Roger Hausheer, William Heald, Peter Heath, Richard Heck, John F. Heil, Vincent F. Hendricks, Stephen Hetherington, Francis Heylighen, Kathleen Marie Higgins, Risto Hilpinen, Harold T. Hodes, Joshua Hoffman, Alan Holland, Robert L. Holmes, Richard Holton, Brad W. Hooker, Terence E. Horgan, Tamara Horowitz, Paul Horwich, Vittorio Hösle, Paul Hoβfeld, Daniel Howard-Snyder, Frances Howard-Snyder, Anne Hudson, Deal W. Hudson, Carl A. Huffman, David L. Hull, Patricia Huntington, Thomas Hurka, Paul Hurley, Rosalind Hursthouse, Guillermo Hurtado, Ronald E. Hustwit, Sarah Hutton, Jonathan Jenkins Ichikawa, Harry A. Ide, David Ingram, Philip J. Ivanhoe, Alfred L. Ivry, Frank Jackson, Dale Jacquette, Joseph Jedwab, Richard Jeffrey, David Alan Johnson, Edward Johnson, Mark D. Jordan, Richard Joyce, Hwa Yol Jung, Robert Hillary Kane, Tomis Kapitan, Jacquelyn Ann K. Kegley, James A. Keller, Ralph Kennedy, Sergei Khoruzhii, Jaegwon Kim, Yersu Kim, Nathan L. King, Patricia Kitcher, Peter D. Klein, E. D. Klemke, Virginia Klenk, George L. Kline, Christian Klotz, Simo Knuuttila, Joseph J. Kockelmans, Konstantin Kolenda, Sebastian Tomasz Kołodziejczyk, Isaac Kramnick, Richard Kraut, Fred Kroon, Manfred Kuehn, Steven T. Kuhn, Henry E. Kyburg, John Lachs, Jennifer Lackey, Stephen E. Lahey, Andrea Lavazza, Thomas H. Leahey, Joo Heung Lee, Keith Lehrer, Dorothy Leland, Noah M. Lemos, Ernest LePore, Sarah-Jane Leslie, Isaac Levi, Andrew Levine, Alan E. Lewis, Daniel E. Little, Shu-hsien Liu, Shu-hsien Liu, Alan K. L. Chan, Brian Loar, Lawrence B. Lombard, John Longeway, Dominic McIver Lopes, Michael J. Loux, E. J. Lowe, Steven Luper, Eugene C. Luschei, William G. Lycan, David Lyons, David Macarthur, Danielle Macbeth, Scott MacDonald, Jacob L. Mackey, Louis H. Mackey, Penelope Mackie, Edward H. Madden, Penelope Maddy, G. B. Madison, Bernd Magnus, Pekka Mäkelä, Rudolf A. Makkreel, David Manley, William E. Mann (W.E.M.), Vladimir Marchenkov, Peter Markie, Jean-Pierre Marquis, Ausonio Marras, Mike W. Martin, A. P. Martinich, William L. McBride, David McCabe, Storrs McCall, Hugh J. McCann, Robert N. McCauley, John J. McDermott, Sarah McGrath, Ralph McInerny, Daniel J. McKaughan, Thomas McKay, Michael McKinsey, Brian P. McLaughlin, Ernan McMullin, Anthonie Meijers, Jack W. Meiland, William Jason Melanson, Alfred R. Mele, Joseph R. Mendola, Christopher Menzel, Michael J. Meyer, Christian B. Miller, David W. Miller, Peter Millican, Robert N. Minor, Phillip Mitsis, James A. Montmarquet, Michael S. Moore, Tim Moore, Benjamin Morison, Donald R. Morrison, Stephen J. Morse, Paul K. Moser, Alexander P. D. Mourelatos, Ian Mueller, James Bernard Murphy, Mark C. Murphy, Steven Nadler, Jan Narveson, Alan Nelson, Jerome Neu, Samuel Newlands, Kai Nielsen, Ilkka Niiniluoto, Carlos G. Noreña, Calvin G. Normore, David Fate Norton, Nikolaj Nottelmann, Donald Nute, David S. Oderberg, Steve Odin, Michael O’Rourke, Willard G. Oxtoby, Heinz Paetzold, George S. Pappas, Anthony J. Parel, Lydia Patton, R. P. Peerenboom, Francis Jeffry Pelletier, Adriaan T. Peperzak, Derk Pereboom, Jaroslav Peregrin, Glen Pettigrove, Philip Pettit, Edmund L. Pincoffs, Andrew Pinsent, Robert B. Pippin, Alvin Plantinga, Louis P. Pojman, Richard H. Popkin, John F. Post, Carl J. Posy, William J. Prior, Richard Purtill, Michael Quante, Philip L. Quinn, Philip L. Quinn, Elizabeth S. Radcliffe, Diana Raffman, Gerard Raulet, Stephen L. Read, Andrews Reath, Andrew Reisner, Nicholas Rescher, Henry S. Richardson, Robert C. Richardson, Thomas Ricketts, Wayne D. Riggs, Mark Roberts, Robert C. Roberts, Luke Robinson, Alexander Rosenberg, Gary Rosenkranz, Bernice Glatzer Rosenthal, Adina L. Roskies, William L. Rowe, T. M. Rudavsky, Michael Ruse, Bruce Russell, Lilly-Marlene Russow, Dan Ryder, R. M. Sainsbury, Joseph Salerno, Nathan Salmon, Wesley C. Salmon, Constantine Sandis, David H. Sanford, Marco Santambrogio, David Sapire, Ruth A. Saunders, Geoffrey Sayre-McCord, Charles Sayward, James P. Scanlan, Richard Schacht, Tamar Schapiro, Frederick F. Schmitt, Jerome B. Schneewind, Calvin O. Schrag, Alan D. Schrift, George F. Schumm, Jean-Loup Seban, David N. Sedley, Kenneth Seeskin, Krister Segerberg, Charlene Haddock Seigfried, Dennis M. Senchuk, James F. Sennett, William Lad Sessions, Stewart Shapiro, Tommie Shelby, Donald W. Sherburne, Christopher Shields, Roger A. Shiner, Sydney Shoemaker, Robert K. Shope, Kwong-loi Shun, Wilfried Sieg, A. John Simmons, Robert L. Simon, Marcus G. Singer, Georgette Sinkler, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong, Matti T. Sintonen, Lawrence Sklar, Brian Skyrms, Robert C. Sleigh, Michael Anthony Slote, Hans Sluga, Barry Smith, Michael Smith, Robin Smith, Robert Sokolowski, Robert C. Solomon, Marta Soniewicka, Philip Soper, Ernest Sosa, Nicholas Southwood, Paul Vincent Spade, T. L. S. Sprigge, Eric O. Springsted, George J. Stack, Rebecca Stangl, Jason Stanley, Florian Steinberger, Sören Stenlund, Christopher Stephens, James P. Sterba, Josef Stern, Matthias Steup, M. A. Stewart, Leopold Stubenberg, Edith Dudley Sulla, Frederick Suppe, Jere Paul Surber, David George Sussman, Sigrún Svavarsdóttir, Zeno G. Swijtink, Richard Swinburne, Charles C. Taliaferro, Robert B. Talisse, John Tasioulas, Paul Teller, Larry S. Temkin, Mark Textor, H. S. Thayer, Peter Thielke, Alan Thomas, Amie L. Thomasson, Katherine Thomson-Jones, Joshua C. Thurow, Vzalerie Tiberius, Terrence N. Tice, Paul Tidman, Mark C. Timmons, William Tolhurst, James E. Tomberlin, Rosemarie Tong, Lawrence Torcello, Kelly Trogdon, J. D. Trout, Robert E. Tully, Raimo Tuomela, John Turri, Martin M. Tweedale, Thomas Uebel, Jennifer Uleman, James Van Cleve, Harry van der Linden, Peter van Inwagen, Bryan W. Van Norden, René van Woudenberg, Donald Phillip Verene, Samantha Vice, Thomas Vinci, Donald Wayne Viney, Barbara Von Eckardt, Peter B. M. Vranas, Steven J. Wagner, William J. Wainwright, Paul E. Walker, Robert E. Wall, Craig Walton, Douglas Walton, Eric Watkins, Richard A. Watson, Michael V. Wedin, Rudolph H. Weingartner, Paul Weirich, Paul J. Weithman, Carl Wellman, Howard Wettstein, Samuel C. Wheeler, Stephen A. White, Jennifer Whiting, Edward R. Wierenga, Michael Williams, Fred Wilson, W. Kent Wilson, Kenneth P. Winkler, John F. Wippel, Jan Woleński, Allan B. Wolter, Nicholas P. Wolterstorff, Rega Wood, W. Jay Wood, Paul Woodruff, Alison Wylie, Gideon Yaffe, Takashi Yagisawa, Yutaka Yamamoto, Keith E. Yandell, Xiaomei Yang, Dean Zimmerman, Günter Zoller, Catherine Zuckert, Michael Zuckert, Jack A. Zupko (J.A.Z.)
- Edited by Robert Audi, University of Notre Dame, Indiana
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- The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy
- Published online:
- 05 August 2015
- Print publication:
- 27 April 2015, pp ix-xxx
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13 - History, normativity, and rights
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- By Paul Patton, The University of New South Wales
- Edited by Costas Douzinas, Birkbeck, University of London, Conor Gearty, London School of Economics and Political Science
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- The Meanings of Rights
- Published online:
- 05 June 2014
- Print publication:
- 01 May 2014, pp 233-250
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Summary
Appeals to right have long been an especially potent form of social and political criticism. There is something compelling about defending certain ways of acting or ways of being treated as a matter of right. To say that someone has a right to something is to say that they have a particular kind of entitlement such that others, or governments, are under an obligation to provide it or at least not to prevent their obtaining it. For this reason, the appeal to rights has played an important role in the recent history of minority struggles. Activities and relationships associated with particular forms of life, such as non-European Indigenous ways of life or non-heterosexual relationships, are often defended as rights. This form of argument can be described as a strategy of universalization in the sense that it involves presenting the activities and interests of a particular group as consistent with the activities and interests of the polity as a whole. “Rights arguments do this: they restate the interests of the group as characteristics of all people.”
From a normative and political point of view, the appeal to rights has fallen out of favor for many on the left in recent years. A range of theoretical arguments and pragmatic political considerations has been taken to provide good reasons to abandon “rights-talk” and appeals to rights altogether. I focus on the theoretical arguments below, particularly those drawn from the work of Foucault and Deleuze. I will argue that, in different ways, they provide grounds for an alternative response to the criticism of rights that does not abandon rights altogether, but rather the received view of rights as universal and a-historical. A common thread running through the criticism of rights is acceptance of the universality of rights. Wendy Brown summarizes this received view of the notion of rights in suggesting that:
rights necessarily operate in and as an ahistorical, acultural, acontextual idiom: they claim distance from specific political contexts and historical vicissitudes, and they participate in a discourse of enduring universality rather than provisionality or partiality. Thus, while the measure of their political efficacy requires a high degree of historical and social specificity, rights operate as a political discourse of the general, the generic and universal.
9 - Deleuze’s political philosophy
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- By Paul Patton
- Edited by Daniel W. Smith, Purdue University, Indiana, Henry Somers-Hall, Manchester Metropolitan University
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- Book:
- The Cambridge Companion to Deleuze
- Published online:
- 05 December 2012
- Print publication:
- 27 September 2012, pp 198-219
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Summary
Much of Deleuze’s work, especially the books co-authored with Guattari, has been read as political philosophy. Deleuze clearly viewed their initial collaboration in this light. In a 1990 interview with Antonio Negri, “Control and Becoming,” he remarked that “Anti-Oedipus was from beginning to end a work of political philosophy” (N 170). Their biographer, François Dosse, goes even further in suggesting that all of Deleuze’s work, “from his first works on Hume to his final reflections on the virtual, is inscribed in the space of the political.” However, not everyone accepts this image of Deleuze as a thoroughly political thinker. Slavoj Žižek argues that “not a single one of Deleuze’s own texts is in any way directly political; Deleuze ‘in himself’ is a highly elitist author, indifferent toward politics.”
Alain Badiou outlines several reasons for doubting whether Deleuze was first and foremost a political thinker and even whether there is such a thing as a Deleuzian politics. A first difficulty is that Deleuze never identified the political as a specific object or domain of thought, in the same way that, in What is Philosophy?, he singled out art, science, and philosophy. A second, more subjective difficulty is that Deleuze was never very interested in politics. In his solo writings, he never claimed that politics determined his philosophical activity. Unlike many of his contemporaries, such as Althusser, Derrida, Lyotard, or Nancy, he never argued that the primary purpose of philosophy was political. On the contrary, he tended towards a more traditional view of philosophy as the creation of concepts and suggested in a 1985 interview that he was interested in “the relations between the arts, science and philosophy” (N 123).
Contributors
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- By Louise Arseneault, Sagnik Bhattacharyya, Mary Cannon, Maria Grazia Cascio, David Castle, Suman Chandra, Carolyn Coffey, David Copolov, Dean Brian, Louisa Degenhardt, Marta Di Forti, Mahmoud ElSohly, Ismael Galve-Roperh, Wayne Hall, Lumir Hanus, Cécile Henquet, Leanne Hides, Leslie Iversen, Wynne James, David J. Kavanagh, Koethe Dagmar, Rebecca Kuepper, Don Linszen, Valentina Lorenzetti, Dan Lubman, Michael Lynskey, Philip McGuire, Raphael Mechoulam, Zlatko Mehmedic, Paul Morrison, Kim T. Mueser, Sir Robin M. Murray, George Patton, Roger Pertwee, Nicole Pesa, Mohini Ranganathan, Miriam Schneider, Andrew Sewell, Silberberg Carol, Patrick D. Skosnik, Desmond Slade, Nadia Solowij, Deepak Cyril D’Souza, Sundram Suresh, Thérèse van Ameisvoort, van Os Jim, Verdoux Hélène, Murat Yücel, Zammit Stanley
- Edited by David Castle, University of Melbourne, Robin M. Murray, Deepak Cyril D'Souza, Yale University, Connecticut
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- Marijuana and Madness
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Acknowledgements
- Edited by Simone Bignall, University of New South Wales, Paul Patton, University of New South Wales
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- Deleuze and the Postcolonial
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Notes on Contributors
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EUP JOURNALS ONLINE
- Edited by Simone Bignall, University of New South Wales, Paul Patton, University of New South Wales
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Contents
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Introduction - Deleuze and the Postcolonial: Conversations, Negotiations, Mediations
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- By Simone Bignall, University of New South Wales, Paul Patton, University of New South Wales
- Edited by Simone Bignall, University of New South Wales, Paul Patton, University of New South Wales
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Summary
Conversations
The collection of essays assembled in this volume constructs a series of conversations between Deleuzian philosophy and postcolonial theory, canvassing the relationship between Deleuze's concepts, the phenomena of the postcolony and the project of decolonisation. As an act of engagement, a ‘conversation’ may take various forms, including ‘speaking with’, ‘speaking to’, ‘speaking about’ and ‘speaking for’. In different ways, the contributions participate in each of these aspects of conversational interaction. The starting premise for this collection, also defining the rationale for its production, concerns the problematic lack of mutuality, or else the mutual disregard, which previous scholarship has highlighted as characteristic of the relationship between Deleuze and the postcolonial. Deleuze does not directly ‘speak with’ the thinkers and writers of the postcolony, and postcolonial theory seldom engages with Deleuzian philosophy in a sustained or comprehensive way, despite the abundance of Deleuzian motifs in postcolonial discourse. When theorists have directly considered postcolonial influences of/upon Deleuzian philosophy, they have usually done so in a critical and dismissive fashion.
For some, his failure to relate expressly to postcolonial issues does not simply suggest a careless lack of concern on Deleuze's part, but also the more worrying possibility that his silence on colonialism conceals a certain Eurocentric self-interest, a neo-imperial motivation or a hidden or unacknowledged desire to deflect attention away from the political concerns of the postcolony. Deleuze is accordingly condemned for his lack of explicit engagement with the body of postcolonial thought and with colonialism as a problematic site of analysis.
Deleuze and the Postcolonial
- Edited by Simone Bignall, Paul Patton
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- Edinburgh University Press
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- 12 September 2012
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- 15 April 2010
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The first collection of essays to bring together Deleuzian philosophy and postcolonial theory.
Frontmatter
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Index
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1 - Events, Becoming and History
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- By Paul Patton, University of New South Wales
- Edited by Jeffrey Bell, Southeastern Louisiana University, Claire Colebrook, Penn State University
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- Deleuze and History
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- 12 March 2009, pp 33-53
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Summary
Deleuze and Guattari appear to be ambivalent towards History and historians. Anti-Oedipus advocates a universalism that would retrospectively understand all history in the light of capitalism (Deleuze and Guattari 2004: 153–4). A Thousand Plateaus draws extensively on the work of historians of Europe and Asia as well as specialised works of economic and military history, histories of science, mathematics, technology, music, art and philosophy. On the other hand, they assert the need for a Nomadology that would be ‘the opposite of a history’ (Deleuze and Guattari 1987: 23). Nomadology, like so many of the other disciplines proposed in A Thousand Plateaus (rhizomatics, pragmatics, schizoanalysis and so on) is essentially the study of certain kinds of assemblages (State and war-machine) and the relations between them. What is the function of so much historical material in works of philosophy devoted to the description of abstract machines or assemblages?
In his 1990 interview with Antonio Negri, Deleuze comments that he had become ‘more and more aware of the possibility of distinguishing between becoming and history’ (Deleuze 1995: 170). By the time of his final work with Guattari, this distinction took the form of a contrast between an historical realm in which events are actualised in bodies and states of affairs and an a-historical realm of pure events, where these are the ‘shadowy and secret part [of an event] that is continually subtracted from or added to its actualization’ (Deleuze and Guattari 1994: 156).